Artificial intelligence tools cannot qualify as authors because they cannot accept responsibility, declare conflicts of interest or transfer rights. Human authors remain fully accountable for accuracy, originality, citations, confidentiality and ethical compliance.
- Material use of generative or analytical AI should be disclosed in the manuscript.
- Authors must verify all facts, references, quotations, calculations and images.
- Confidential manuscripts, reviewer reports or personal data must not be uploaded to tools that do not provide appropriate confidentiality protection.
- Language assistance that does not change scholarly meaning may be described in acknowledgements when appropriate.